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SHOWING YOU THE WORLD IN SCRIPTURE
The war of 1914-1918
It was called the Great War. We know it now as World War I

World War I pitted the Allied Powers against the Central Powers. At the start of the war, the Allied Powers included Britain, France, and Russia*(today‘s European Union). Germany and Austria-Hungary were the Central Powers.*(Russia Today) Other countries later joined each side. The United States entered the war on the side of the Allied Powers in 1917

For 100 years, the nations of Europe had tried to avoid war with one another. No country was allowed to get too powerful. If one did, others would form an alliance against it.* Think about Russia today
William II, the kaiser (emperor) of Germany, built up his country’s army, navy, and industry. Germany began seizing territories in Africa and the Pacific as colonies.

These moves worried other nations, especially France, Britain, and Russia. France and Britain had their own colonial empires. They agreed to support each other if war came.

Austria-Hungary supported Germany. Its empire ruled many countries in eastern and southern Europe. Many of them wanted to break away from Austria-Hungary.
*One nation eager for independence was Serbia.* Headlines  12/07
On June 28, 1914, a Serb patriot murdered Francis Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary

The Ottoman (Turkish) Empire entered the war on the side of the Central Powers.
*Again, think of today’s Russia
Italy entered on the Allied side. German and Allied troops battled in Asia and Africa for control of colonies there.

In the Middle East, the British organized Arab tribesmen to fight against the Ottomans. They were led by British colonel T. E. Lawrence, who is better known as Lawrence of Arabia.
Japan was a rising power in Asia. It joined the Allied Powers. Japan seized German-controlled islands in the Pacific Ocean.


In 1917, a revolution in Russia brought a Communist government to power.* Putin’s revival of the Cold War?12/07
It (made peace) with the Central Powers. The Germans were now fighting on only one front. But they could not take advantage. That was because the United States had entered the war.

Most Americans wanted no part of a European war. But the United States government was shipping supplies to the Allies. German submarines sank the ships. In April 1917, the Congress of the United States declared war against the Central Powers.

American troops did not reach Europe in large numbers until 1918. They soon turned the tide of battle. In July, Americans joined a huge Allied attack.
By late summer, the Central Powers were in retreat.
On November 11, 1918, the guns fell silent. The Great War was over.


The war had caused terrible destruction and death across Europe. American president Woodrow Wilson called it “The war to end all wars.” He tried to work out a peace plan that would be fair. The Allies didn’t want it. Even Americans rejected it.
The map of Europe was redrawn. The Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires were broken up.

Germany lost some of its territory. It was forced to pay huge amounts of money for war damage. France and Britain took over Germany’s colonies.
This was not peace, one French general complained. It turned out to be only a 21-year truce. In 1939, World War II began.


Christine Hobson
Wars and Rumors of Wars
The Hook in Magog's Jaw EZ 38-39
Gul's African Visit Could Indicate How Turkey Will Act in the UN Security Council
It appears that Turkish foreign policy makers have carefully created an African dimension to Turkey's foreign policy. Turkey would like to use its two-year UN Security Council position to extend its influence deep into the African continent. Gul noted, in fact, that "60 percent of the issues that are discussed in the UN Security Council are related to the African continent. In addition, Africa has become a center of attraction around the world" more

Uzbeks, Turkmens Agree to NATO Afghan Transit
Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan have both agreed to allow NATO non-military cargo to transit through their territories en route to Afghanistan, Russia's Interfax news agency reported on Wednesday.
Washington, facing the closure of a key military air base in Kyrgyzstan, is looking for ways to diversify supply routes for US and NATO troops fighting in Afghanistan.

"Uzbekistan has given permission to allow the transit of non-military cargo to Afghanistan...," Uzbek President Islam Karimov was quoted as saying by Interfax news agency. more

Caucasus Muslims clerical leader to urge Islamic countries for solidarity
The clerical leader of the Caucasus Muslims will urge Islamic countries for solidarity in settling of the Israel-Palestine conflict.
Chairman of the Caucasus Muslims Clerical Office, Sheikh-ul-Islam Allahshukur Pashazade will speak on the “bloody events in Gaza” at the Fatwa and its Rules international conference to be organized by the Muslim World League in Saudi Arabia on Jan. 17-21, the Clerical Office said in a message on Jan. 14.
“Sheikh-ul-Islam will focus on the importance of the solidarity and the resoluteness of the Islamic countries’ positions on the issue,” the message says.  more

Turkey's drift away from the West
A decade ago, Western and Israeli leaders could count on Turkey as an ally. A solid NATO member, Ankara took decisions based on pragmatic calculations of interest - and erred on the side of caution if at all. But under the rule of the Islamic conservative AKP, this has changed. more

Turkey calls for closer ties among Turkic-speaking countries
Turkish President Abdullah Gul said on Friday that improvement of relations among Turkic-speaking countries would contribute to the region and world peace.
"Today's conference is a solid proof that the relations among the governments of Turkic-speaking countries have turned into an institutionalized body, the Parliamentary Assembly," said Gul.
Apart from Turkey, five countries in the region house considerable Turkic-speaking communities, including Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan, said the report. more


Russia building 'Berlin Wall' in Georgia: FM
Georgian Foreign Minister Eka Tkeshelashvili said Wednesday that Russian forces were erecting a "Berlin Wall" as part of a campaign to cut off rebel regions from the rest of the country.
Russia is trying to divide Abkhazia and South Ossetia from the rest of Georgia, she said in a speech to the International Institute for Strategic Studies think-tank in London.  Indo-Russian ties set to ascend new heights in coming years.  more



Click on image to read about the Ancient Silk Road
Click here for Caucasus Union information
Railway to connect Central Asia in 2011 

A Kazakh official has said the construction of a railway linking the country to Turkmenistan and Iran will be completed in 2011.  The three countries signed a deal to constructing the 900-kilometer (560-mile) railway last year on the sidelines of the Caspian Sea summit in Tehran.  About 700 km (435 miles) of railway will be built on Turkmenistan's soil while the rest of it will pass through Iran and Kazakhstan.  Once completed, the railway is expected to transport 15 million tons of goods annually.  more

Kazakhstan seen as bridge to Muslim world

"Kazakhstan is very different from what we know in the Middle East," he says from his modest office in central Astana, the capital city. "They use their religion as a bridge between cultures." more

The Caucasus: A region in pieces

The Caucasus region is a small and troubled place. It should be a common endeavor where its small and diverse nationalities - in Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan as well as Russia’s north Caucasus - work together to build an integrated region. Instead, no sense of common purpose is discernible: the sad reality is, that with its tangle of closed borders and ceasefire lines, the Caucasus more resembles a geopolitical suicide-pact.  more
Time to create ‘lira-ruble region,’ says Antalya union head

Antalya Commodity Exchange Chairman Ali Çandır said on Monday that the Turkish lira and Russian ruble should be used in trade between the countries in and around the Black Sea region, in an attempt to facilitate trade by reducing reliance on foreign currencies and protect countries in the region from currency fluctuations.

In a written statement Çandır noted that he had recently proposed developing a strategy that would enable the use of the Turkish and Russian currencies in trade with Russia, Iran, the Turkic republics and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Çandır said such a plan came up in business meetings during President Abdullah Gül's recent visit to Russia as well. more
The Geopolitical Great Game: Turkey and Russia Moving Closer

Despite the problems of the ruble and the weak oil price in recent months for the Russian economy, the Russian Government is pursuing a very active foreign policy strategy. Its elements focus on countering the continuing NATO encirclement policy of Washington, with often clever diplomatic initiatives on its Eurasian periphery. Taking advantage of the cool relations between Washington and longtime NATO ally, Turkey, Moscow has now invited Turkish President Abdullah Gul to a four day state visit to discuss a wide array of economic and political cooperation issues.

In addition to opening to Turkey, a vital transit route for natural gas to western Europe, Russia is also working to firm an economic space with Belarus and other former Soviet republics to firm its alliances. Moscow delivered a major blow to the US military encirclement strategy in Central Asia when it succeeded earlier this month in convincing Kyrgystan, with the help of major financial aid, to cancel US military airbase rights at Manas, a major blow to US escalation plans in Afghanistan.

In short, Moscow is demonstrating it is far from out of the new Great Game for influence over Eurasia.

Warmer Turkish relations

The Government of Prime Minister Recep Erdogan has shown increasing impatience with not only Washington policies in the Middle East, but also the refusal of the European Union to seriously consider Turkey’s bid to join the EU. In the situation, it’s natural that Turkey would seek some counterweight to what had been since the Cold War overwhelming US influence in Turkish politics. Russia’s Putin and Medvedev have no problem opening such a dialogue, much to Washington’s dismay.

Turkish President Abdullah Gul paid a four-day visit to the Russian Federation from February 12 to 15, where he met with Russian president Dmitry Medvedev, Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, and also travelled to Kazan, the capital of Tatarstan, where he discussed joint investments. Gul was accompanied by his state minister responsible for foreign trade, and Minister of Energy, as well as a large delegation of Turkish businessmen. Foreign Minister Ali Babacan joined the delegation.

The fact that Gul’s Moscow visit also included a stop in Tatarstan, the largest autonomous republic in Russian Federation whose population mainly consists of Muslim Tatar Turks, is a sign how much relations between Ankara and Moscow have improved in recent months ........more

This page was last updated: August 27, 2009
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